Phenolic acids such as 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (3-HBA), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-diHBA), and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (3-HPPA), produced as a consequence of microbial fermentation, interfere with the assembly of monomeric forms of -synuclein into its protofibrils in vitro , and upon administration, improved locomotor activity in an A53T Drosophila model of synucleinopathy ( Bacillus subtilis , a commensal microbe, can inhibit the aggregation of -synuclein in both young and aged Caenorhabditis elegans models of synucleinopathy in varied pathways ( B
B12 injections are typically used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency, which can cause fatigue, weakness, and other symptoms
Cell proliferation and viability assessments The MTT (Sigma-Aldrich, St
PMID 2781235
doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000973